COVID-19 and Religious Practices: A Case Study of the Cham in Ninh Thuan
Abstract
With the ups and downs of the COVID-19 pandemic, including waves of infections, the discussion and questioning of how to adapt traditional and religious activities in times of crisis became of upmost importance among the clerics of religious groups in Ninh Thuan. This article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Cham in Ninh Thuan, the role of faith agents in responding to the unprecedented health crisis, and the way they maintained their faith and kept the spirit of traditions and religions alive during a difficult time. At the same time, this article looks into how the religious communities in Ninh Thuan engaged in dialogue about the COVID-19 pandemic, including potential racial or sectarian debates, to minimize misunderstandings and mobilize resources to help each other overcome challenges and possible discrimination. This is a case study of an ethnic minority and sheds light on the flexible and resilient approaches of the Cham to navigate the pandemic and maintain their traditions and practices. This research speaks to policy-makers and provides lessons for managing crises in the future.
Received 15th April 2024; Revised 5th May 2024; Accepted 7th July 2024
DOI:
Keywords
References
Barker, Anna. 2020. “Coronavirus COVID-19 cases spiked across Asia after a mass gathering in Malaysia. This is how it caught the countries by surprise.” Retrieved November 2023 (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-19/coronavirus-spread-from-malaysian-event-to-multiple-countries/12066092)
Burrell, Alexander, and Selman Lucy E. 2020. “How do Funeral Practices Impact Bereaved Relatives' Mental Health, Grief and Bereavement? A Mixed Methods Review with Implications for COVID-19”. Omega (Westport) 85(2):345-383. doi: 10.1177/0030222820941296
Central Population and Housing Census Steering Committee of Vietnam. 2019. The 2019 Vietnam population and housing census: main results. Hanoi: ntral Population and Housing Census Steering Committee.
Cham Bani Clerics’ Council. 2020. Announcement No.44, April 2020.
Dong Thanh Danh. 2018. Cấu trúc nhị nguyên của tín ngưỡng, tôn giáo người Chăm Nam Trung Bộ [Dualistic structure of belief, religion of Cham people in the southcentral coast of Vietnam], Religious Studies, No. 02 (170), 32-49.
Galal, Bayan, Stefany Lazieh, Samir Al-Ali, and Kaveh Khoshnood. 2022. “Assessing vaccine hesitancy in Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a scoping review protocol”. BMJ Open. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045348.
Hop Pho. 2021. “2000 người từ Đồng Nai về Ninh Thuận đã có 400 người mắc Covid-19.” Retrieved July 2022 (https://nld.com.vn/thoi-su/2000-nguoi-tu-dong-nai-ve-ninh-thuan-da-co-400-nguoi-mac-covid-19-20210815184522156.htm)
Karmini, Niniek and Victoria Milko. 2020. “Burial traditions clash with coronavirus safety in Indonesia.” Retrieved July 2022 (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/burial-traditions-clash-with-coronavirus-safety-in-indonesia/2020/07/09/55907e62-c19f-11ea-8908-68a2b9eae9e0_story.html)
Lu Ho. 2020. “Kết thúc 28 ngày cách ly phòng chống dịch tại thôn Văn Lâm.” Retrieved July 2022 (https://tienphong.vn/ket-thuc-28-ngay-cach-ly-phong-dich-covid-19-tai-thon-van-lam-post1231940.tpo)
Marzo, Roy Rillera, Waqas Sami et al. 2022. “Hesitancy in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and its associated factors among the general adult population: a cross-sectional study in six Southeast Asian countries”. Trop Med Health 50 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s41182-021-00393-1
Minh Tran. 2020. “Ninh Thuận cách ly thôn có bệnh nhận Covid-19 thứ 61 cư trú.” Retrieved July 2022 (https://tuoitre.vn/ninh-thuan-cach-ly-thon-co-benh-nhan-covid-19-thu-61-cu-tru-20200317142048679.htm)
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. 2021. “Ninh Thuan không tổ chức lễ hội Katê vì dịch Covid 19 còn phức tạp.” Retrieved July 2022 (https://bvhttdl.gov.vn/ninh-thuan-khong-to-chuc-le-hoi-kate-vi-dich-covid-19-con-dien-bien-phuc-tap-20210929090832499.htm)
Ministry of Health. 2020. “Official Dispatch No 495”. Retrieved July 2022 (https://thuvienphapluat.vn/cong-van/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Cong-van-495-BYT-MT-2020-quan-ly-chat-thai-y-te-xu-ly-thi-hai-benh-nhan-tu-vong-do-nhiem-nCoV-434127.aspx).
Mohd Jenol, Nur Ayuni and Nur Hafeeza Ahmad Pazil. 2023. “Halal or Haram? The COVID-19 Vaccine Discussion Among Twitter users in Malaysia”. J Relig Health 62(4): 2933-2946. doi: 10.1007/s10943-023-01798-4.
National Steering Committee for COVID-19 pandemic prevention. 2020. “Official dispatch No 1561/CV-BCĐ”. Retrieved July 2022. (https://thuvienphapluat.vn/cong-van/The-thao-Y-te/Cong-van-1561-CV-BCD-2020-ra-soat-nguoi-ve-tu-vung-dich-438300.aspx)
Nguyen Thanh. 2020. “Đồng bào Chăm Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận rộn ràng đón lễn hội Kate.” Retrieved March 2023 (https://www.vietnamplus.vn/dong-bao-cham-ninh-thuan-binh-thuan-ron-rang-don-le-hoi-kate-post669601.vnp)
Nguyen Tuong. 2021a. “Hội đồng chức sắc Chăm Bàlamôn tỉnh Ninh Thuận ủng hộ kinh phí phòng chống dịch bệnh Covid-19.” Retrieved November 2023 (https://btgcp.gov.vn/ton-giao/hoi-dong-chuc-sac-cham-balamon-tinh-ninh-thuan-ung-ho-kinh-phi-phong-chong-dich-benh-covid-19-post0BabdLXnyG.html)
Nguyen Tuong. 2021b. “Phụ nữ Thánh đường Hồi giáo Islam 102 Phước Nhơn, tỉnh Ninh Thuan tặng quà các khu vực cách ly tập trung và động viên lực lượng làm nhiệm vụ tại chốt kiểm soát phòng, chống dịch Covid 19.” Retrieved November 2023 (https://btgcp.gov.vn/hoat-dong-xa-hoi/phu-nu-thanh-duong-hoi-giao-islam-102-phuoc-nhon-tinh-ninh-thuan-tang-qua-cac-khu-vuc-cach-ly-tap-trung-va-dong-vien-luc-luong-lam-nhiem-vu-tai-chot-kiem-soat-phong-chong-dich-covid-19-postZpaod7vq31.html)
Ninh Thuan Provincial Hospital. 2021. Report No. 1401/BCN-BVT.
Ninh Thuan Provincial People’s Committee. 2021. Directive No. 16, 16 July 2021. Retrieved July 2022 (https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/The-thao-Y-te/Chi-thi-16-CT-UBND-2021-trien-khai-phong-chong-dich-COVID-19-tinh-Ninh-Thuan-481859.aspx)
Ninh Thuan Provincial People’s Committee. 2022. Announcement No. 1027/UBND-VXVN.
Noseworthy, William B. and Pham Thi Thanh Huyen. 2022. “Praxis and policy: Discourse on Cham Bani religious identity in Vietnam”. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 53(4): 733-761. doi:10.1017/S0022463422000868
Nugroho, Yanuar and Sofie Shinta Syarief. 2021. “Grave Failures in Policy and Communication in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic”. Retrieved July 2022 (https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2021-113-grave-failures-in-policy-and-communication-in-indonesia-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-by-yanuar-nugroho-and-sofie-shinta-syarief/)
Phan Huong. 2020. “Ninh Thuận bảo tồn và phát huy giá trị di sản văn hóa Chăm.” Retrieved March 2023 (https://vtc.vn/ninh-thuan-bao-ton-va-phat-huy-gia-tri-di-san-van-hoa-cham-ar587779.html)
Phan Van Dop, Phan Quoc Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu. 2014. Văn hóa phi vật thể người Chăm Ninh Thuận [Intangible Culture of the Cham in Ninh Thuan]. Ho Chi Minh City: Publishing House of Agriculture.
Phuong Lien. 2021. “Nhiều hoạt động thiết thực của các tôn giáo tham gia phòng chống dịch” Retrieved July 2022. (https://dangcongsan.vn/phong-chong-dich-covid-19/nhieu-hoat-dong-thiet-thuc-cua-cac-ton-giao-tham-gia-phong-chong-dich-594805.html)
Tam Binh. 2020. “Ninh Thuận công bố khỏi bệnh đối với bệnh nhân 61 và 67.” Retrieved July 2022 (https://dantri.com.vn/suc-khoe/ninh-thuan-cong-bo-khoi-benh-doi-voi-benh-nhan-61-va-67-20200401083432801.htm)
Thien Nhan. 2021. “Ninh Thuận: tỷ lệ tiêm vắc xin Covid 19 đạt 92,48%, người dân trở lại làm ăn.” Retrieved July 2024 (https://thanhnien.vn/ninh-thuan-ty-le-tiem-vac-xin-covid-19-dat-92-48-nguoi-dan-tro-lai-lam-an-1851395173.htm).
Vietnam Ministry of Health. Portal for COVID-19 Information. https://covid19.gov.vn/
World Health Organization. 2020. “Infection prevention and control for the safe management of a dead body in the context of COVID-19”. Retrieved November 2023 (https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/331538/WHO-COVID-19-lPC_DBMgmt-2020.1-eng.pdf)
Worldometer. 2022. “Coronavirus Updates”. Retrieved August 2022 (https://www.worldometers.info).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/vjossh.v10i5.12323
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
=====================================================
TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN
Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn
Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội
ISSN 2354-1172